Endoscopic sinus surgery is a surgical procedure performed
to treat chronic sinusitis and other sinus-related conditions. In this
procedure, an endoscope, which is a thin and flexible tube with a light and
camera, is used to visualize and access the sinuses.

The sinuses are hollow spaces located in the facial bones
and are connected to the nasal cavity. The sinuses in the nose have functions
such as humidifying, heating, and filtering the air. They also contribute to
the resonance of sound, aiding in the process of speech. These structures also
have narrow passages that open into the nasal cavity, allowing proper drainage
of the sinuses.

However, sometimes the sinuses can become blocked or
narrowed, leading to infections and inflammation in the sinuses. Sinus
infections, chronic sinusitis, polyps, or anatomical abnormalities can affect
the function of the sinuses and may require treatment. Endoscopic sinus surgery
is a commonly used method for treating such conditions.

This particular procedure offers several advantages over
traditional sinus surgery techniques. It enables better visualization of the
sinuses, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment. The
procedure is generally known for less pain, shorter recovery time, and reduced
risk of complications.

Additionally, it is essential that this type of surgery is
performed by an experienced ENT specialist or rhinologist. The scope of the
surgery may vary depending on the individual’s condition and the approach
preferred by the surgeon.

Who Can Be Candidates for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery?

Whether individuals considering endoscopic sinus surgery are
suitable candidates or not is determined through a detailed evaluation
conducted by a specialist. The patient’s medical history, symptoms, anatomical
structure of the sinuses, and overall health condition are taken into account
to make a decision. Individuals with the following indications may be referred
for this surgery:

• Symptoms of chronic sinusitis
• Sinus infections
• Nasal polyps
• Sinus blockage
• Sinus anatomical abnormalities

Preparation Process for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Firstly, the specialist and the team who will perform the
operation conduct a comprehensive evaluation. The doctor may request various
tests to assess the condition of the sinuses. These may include endoscopic
imaging, X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, or contrast material
injections into the sinus cavities. Smoking or consuming alcohol can have a
negative impact on the postoperative recovery process. Therefore, patients are
asked to quit smoking or limit alcohol consumption before the procedure.

In addition, the patient is usually required to fast for a
certain period of time. Adhering to this fasting period helps reduce the risk
of anesthesia during the surgery. Once the surgery is scheduled and a date is
set, the specialist provides detailed instructions for the individual to
follow. It is important to adhere to these instructions diligently and to
immediately consult with the specialist if any doubts arise.

How Is Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Performed?

Generally, before the surgery begins, either general
anesthesia or local anesthesia is administered. Anesthesia ensures that the
patient does not feel pain or discomfort during the procedure. The specialist
inserts an endoscope into the nasal cavities. This instrument is a thin and
flexible tube used to reach the sinuses within the nose. At the tip of the
tube, there is a light and a camera.

Endoscopic visualization allows the surgeon to see the
inside of the sinuses in detail. Through this, the doctor can identify
abnormalities, polyps, inflammation, or blockages in the person’s sinuses.
Additionally, using specialized surgical instruments alongside the endoscope,
the sinus passages can be opened. This expands the narrowed or blocked areas,
allowing the sinuses to drain properly.

If necessary, nasal polyps or inflamed tissues can also be
removed. After the surgery is completed, the nasal cavities are usually not
closed. Nasal packing or drainage tubes may be placed to allow the sinuses to
heal properly and ensure adequate fluid drainage. The scope of endoscopic sinus
surgery may vary depending on the surgeon’s experience, the patient’s
condition, and the surgical plan.

Recovery Period After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

The duration and comfort of the recovery period after
endoscopic sinus surgery can vary depending on the content of the procedure and
individual factors. Patients are often discharged on the same day as the
surgery. Mild bleeding, nasal congestion, and slight discomfort in the nasal
cavities can be experienced during the first few days. Nasal sprays or saline
solutions can be used to alleviate nasal congestion. Additionally, pain
management is provided with painkillers recommended by the doctor.

The recovery process generally takes a few weeks. During
this time, swelling in the nasal cavities decreases, and bleeding and
congestion diminish. It may take 1 to 2 weeks for patients to return to normal
activities. However, it is crucial to follow the doctor’s recommended
instructions. Antibiotics or corticosteroid medications may be prescribed to
reduce the risk of infection. It is important to avoid excessive physical
activity and heavy lifting during the healing process. Additionally,
maintaining a healthy diet and consuming an adequate amount of fluids is
necessary.

Prof. Dr. Selçuk İnanlı is one of the top experts in
Rhinoplasty in Turkey, and he is competent in all treatments aimed at improving
the functionality and aesthetics of the nose. He also holds the European Board
Certification in Facial Plastic Surgery by the European Academy of Facial
Plastic Surgery. If you need endoscopic sinus surgery, make sure to schedule an
appointment without delay. You can reach us through our contact information for
more information on the procedures.