Otosclerosis, also known as cochlear otosclerosis, is an ear
condition characterized by abnormal growth in the stapes bone, which is located
in a part of the inner ear. This condition can lead to hearing loss.

Otosclerosis is typically caused by genetic factors, but
high levels of estrogen hormone exposure during pregnancy can also be a
contributing factor. Symptoms of the condition include hearing loss, tinnitus
(ringing in the ears), and a sense of imbalance. It may initially present as a
mild hearing loss but can progress to a more severe condition over time.

Stapedectomy is one of the treatment methods for
otosclerosis. In this procedure, the abnormally grown stapes bone is removed
and replaced with a prosthetic bone. The goal of this procedure is to restore
or improve hearing loss. The treatment for the disease can vary for each
patient, and stapedectomy may not always be the appropriate option. Therefore,
it is important for individuals experiencing ear health issues to consult a
specialist first and obtain information about suitable treatment options.

What are the Symptoms of Cochlear Otosclerosis?

Otosclerosis is a disease that occurs due to abnormal growth
in the bony structure of the inner ear. The symptoms of otosclerosis, which
leads to hearing loss, can include:

Hearing loss: The condition typically results in gradual
hearing impairment. Initially, it often affects low frequencies. Over time, it
can progress and affect a wider range of frequencies.

Tinnitus: Individuals with otosclerosis may experience
constant ringing, buzzing, or roaring sensations in their ears. This symptom
can vary from person to person.

Balance problems: Changes in the structure of the inner ear
due to otosclerosis can cause balance issues. Symptoms such as dizziness, a
feeling of unsteadiness, and lightheadedness may occur.

Involuntary muscle movements: In some cases, there may be
involuntary spasms in the facial muscles (myoclonus), although this symptom is
rare.

The symptoms usually develop gradually and often start in
one ear. The progression of the disease can vary from person to person.

What Causes Ear Calcification (Otosclerosis)?

The exact causes of otosclerosis, also known as cochlear
otosclerosis, are not fully understood, but certain factors may contribute to
this condition. It is often associated with genetic factors and is more
commonly observed in individuals with a family history of the disease.
Additionally, exposure to high levels of estrogen hormone during pregnancy can
increase the risk of otosclerosis.

In otosclerosis, the bony structure of the inner ear is
affected. Normally, there is a small bone called the stapes in the middle part
of the inner ear, which is responsible for transmitting sound vibrations.
However, in otosclerosis, this part starts to grow abnormally, leading to
hearing loss.

While the exact cause of the disease is unknown, several
theories exist. These include genetic predisposition, immune system disorders,
viral infections, hormonal changes, and autoimmune diseases. However, further
research is needed to determine the exact cause. The most commonly used method
for treating this condition is stapedectomy. In this surgical procedure, the
abnormally grown stapes bone is removed and replaced with a prosthetic bone.
The aim of this procedure is to restore or improve hearing loss.

How is Otosclerosis Treated?

The treatment of otosclerosis is determined based on the
patient's symptoms, the severity of hearing loss, and overall health condition.
Stapedectomy is the most commonly used method to improve this condition. In
this surgical procedure, the abnormally grown stapes bone is removed and
replaced with a prosthetic bone. This surgery can correct or significantly
alleviate the patient's hearing loss. However, it may not be suitable for every
patient and carries risks. Therefore, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive
consultation before considering the surgical option.

The procedure is typically performed under general
anesthesia to ensure that the patient is asleep and pain-free. The appropriate
anesthesia method is determined by an anesthesiologist. A small incision is
made behind the ear. This incision provides access to reach the inner ear.
After the incision is made, the eardrum (tympanic membrane) is carefully
opened. This is necessary to gain access to the inner ear. The stapes bone
located in the middle part of the inner ear is carefully removed using specialized
surgical instruments. After this part is removed, a prosthetic bone is placed
in its position. This prosthetic bone is used to transmit sound vibrations to
the inner ear. The incision site is stitched, and the surgery is completed.

Recovery Process after Stapedectomy

The recovery process after stapedectomy is important to
support the patient's return to health after the operation. It is essential to
rest thoroughly and allow time for the healing process while being patient.
Adhering to the recommended resting period and taking breaks from work or daily
activities if necessary is important. Prescribed medications can be used for
any pain or sensitivity experienced. This is also necessary to prevent
infection and support healing.

Wound care should be performed as advised by the doctor to
promote wound healing. The incision area should be kept clean and dry. Dressing
or bandage changes after the procedure should be done regularly. Experiencing
some hearing difficulties for a period after stapedectomy should also be
considered normal. Tinnitus may occur in the first few weeks. However, these
issues improve over time. Excessive physical activities should be avoided
during the healing process. Additionally, exposure to loud noises or noisy
environments should be avoided within the recommended timeframe. Prof. Dr.
Selçuk İnanlı provides patients with otosclerosis disorder a comfortable and
safe treatment process. Book an appointment now for detailed information.