Laryngeal
cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the larynx (voice box).
The larynx is an organ located at the intersection of the trachea and the
esophagus, and it contains the vocal cords. The disease often originates from
squamous cells in the area.

Laryngeal
cancer usually develops as a result of long-term exposure to risk factors such
as smoking and alcohol consumption. Other factors that can contribute to this
condition include excessive voice use, asbestos exposure, exposure to
radiation, and certain viruses (such as human papillomavirus).

If diagnosed
early, treatment options can be more effective. The options include surgical
intervention, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. However, the treatment
process varies depending on the stage of the cancer, the extent of its spread,
and the overall health condition of the patient.

What are
the Symptoms of Larynx Cancer?

Larynx
cancer presents itself with certain symptoms in the early stages. Some of these
symptoms are often overlooked by patients but are crucial for the course of the
disease and successful treatment. The commonly encountered symptoms include:

• Hoarseness or changes in voice
• Throat pain or irritation
• Frequent coughing
• Difficulty swallowing
• Difficulty breathing
• Neck or ear pain
• Swelling in the neck or the feeling
  of lumps

Preparation
Process Before Laryngeal Cancer Surgery

The
preparation process before laryngeal cancer surgery is crucial and involves
various stages. First, the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer is made, and the stage
of the cancer is determined. This is done through physical examination, imaging
tests (such as CT scan or MRI), and sometimes a biopsy. This evaluation process
helps in planning the surgery and deciding which treatment methods to use.

The
patient's overall health condition, medication use, and any allergies are
evaluated. During this process, the patient may need to follow pre-operative
instructions and refrain from eating for a certain period. Smoking and alcohol
consumption increase the risk of laryngeal cancer and can negatively affect
post-operative recovery. Therefore, quitting smoking and reducing alcohol
consumption is recommended. In some cases, participating in smoking cessation
programs or support groups before surgery can be beneficial.

The patient
may be advised on a specific diet plan or fluid intake before the procedure.
Adequate nutrition during this process can help strengthen the body and prepare
for the recovery phase. The medications the person is taking are reviewed, and
the doctor may decide to temporarily discontinue or adjust the dosage of
certain medications before surgery.

Additionally,
medications necessary for pain control and reducing the risk of infection after
surgery are planned.

An
anesthesiologist evaluates whether the patient is suitable for general
anesthesia during the procedure. Information is provided about the risks and
possible complications that may arise during the operation. The appropriate
method is chosen based on the patient's medical history and any existing health
conditions.

How is
Laryngeal Cancer Surgery Performed?

Laryngeal
cancer surgery can be performed using different methods depending on the extent
and stage of the cancer as well as the patient's overall health. Partial
laryngectomy involves the removal of only a portion of the affected area.
Depending on the region of the larynx involved and the extent of the cancer, a
part of the vocal cords, the epiglottis, or surrounding tissues may be removed.
This method is often preferred in the early stages of the disease.

Total
laryngectomy, on the other hand, requires the complete removal of the larynx.
After this procedure, a new airway may need to be created for breathing. This
procedure is typically chosen in cases where cancer has extensive involvement
or recurrence. In some cases, the cancer may have spread to the lymph nodes in
the neck. In such situations, complete removal or drainage of the affected
area, often performed through a procedure called neck dissection, may be
necessary.

During the
surgery, reconstruction may be required to replace the removed tissue. This
allows for the reconstruction of the larynx and surrounding structures. The
surgical approach is determined based on factors such as the stage, location,
and extent of the cancer. It is usually performed under general anesthesia by a
skilled surgeon. The recovery process can vary depending on the surgical
method, the patient's overall health, and the surgical outcomes.

Healing
Process after Laryngeal Cancer Surgery

After the
surgery, patients typically spend a few days under observation in the hospital.
Depending on the type of surgery, a temporary breathing tube (tracheostomy
tube) may be inserted to facilitate breathing and support wound healing.
Nutritional support may also be provided to meet the patient's dietary needs.

Proper
healing of the wound in the laryngeal region is crucial. It is important to
strictly follow the care instructions provided by the doctor. These
instructions may include wound care, dressing changes, and adherence to hygiene
practices to prevent infection. Following laryngeal cancer surgery, temporary
difficulties with swallowing may arise. Under the guidance of a nutritionist, a
transition to a soft or liquid diet phase may be recommended. When experiencing
swallowing difficulties, a speech therapist or dietitian may suggest swallowing
exercises and nutritional strategies.

Additionally,
individuals may experience hoarseness or voice changes due to the removal or
involvement of the vocal cords. Voice therapy involves learning voice
utilization techniques, improving speech, and enhancing communication skills.
This disease and the recovery process can bring about emotional challenges,
making psychological support highly important. It is recommended to seek
psychological support during this period. Please make an appointment at Prof.
Dr. Selçuk İnanlı's clinic to plan your treatment.